Suchergebnisse

The article reveals the connotationof the key concepts "information war" and "critical thinking". The study analyzes the features of information war as a manipulative technology and reveals the role of critical thinking tools (analysis, synthesis, interpretation) in counteraction to information sabotage. It has been proven that the process of information influence on public and individual consciousness is ambiguous – it can be either positive and contribute to raising the level of public awareness of urgent problems, or it can carry out information attacks with the aim of destructive influence on consciousness, cultivation of hatred and dispersal of the feeling of "treason". It is argued that information manipulation affects the consciousness of a person through an avalanche of rumors, manipulations, and fakes, aimed at weakening and ultimately destroying the ability of self-identification and self-determination. This is an extremely dangerous situation that can lead to a state of disorientation if countermeasures are not used, one of which is the tools of critical thinking and fact-checking to evaluate information.

The mass represents a paradoxical and marginal social state. Sociality is replaced by theatricality and by the stage where political actors operate. ; Маса являє собою парадоксальний та граничний стан соціального. Соціаль­ність замінюється театральністю, сценою, де діють політичні актори.

The aim of the research was to analyze the latest values of the EU in the context of their adaptation in the process of state-building in the candidate countries for enlargement with a view to reforming the legal field of the States. The main method was the observation method as a component of the experimental procedure with subsequent interpretation of the results (description). The results of the study demonstrate the axiological importance of the EU's main values. At the same time, the need for a gradual implementation of reforms in the sphere of state-building is argued, given the desirability of preserving national identity. It is concluded that the low level of adaptation of the EU pyramid of core values is corroborated and confirmed by statistical data, which requires a qualitative transformation of the reform strategy of the state-building processes of the candidate countries for EU enlargement. Scientific research was concerned with the search for the optimal and effective concepts of the integrated application of European values in the state-building processes in the candidate countries for EU enlargement.